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Objective:To discuss the value of real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(RT3D-STI) in the evaluation of the left atrial (LA) volume and function in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with different dialysis methods.Methods:Eighty-three ESRD patients who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from February to August 2019 were enrolled and divided into non-dialysis group ( n=25), hemodialysis group (HD group, n=31) and peritoneal dialysis group (PD group, n=27). And 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. Subsequently, the LA volume indexs including LA maximal volume index (LAVImax), LA minimal volume index (LAVImin) and LA presystolic volume index (LAVIpre), the LA function parameters including LA ejection fraction (LAEF), LA passive ejection fraction(LApEF) and LA active ejection fraction (LAaEF) and the LA global strain parameters including global longitudinal strain(GLS), global radial strain(GRS) and global circumferential strain(GCS) were obtained by RT3D-STI. The differences of the parameters among these groups were compared and the correlations between the myocardial strain parameters and dialysis time were analyzed. Results:①The LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpre of the non-dialysis group, PD group and HD group were higher than those in the control group, while the LAEF, LApEF, GLS, GRS and GCS were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05); the LAVImin of the PD group as well as the LAVImin, LAVIpre and LAVImax of HD group were higher than those of non-dialysis group, while the LAEF, LApEF, GLS, GCS of the PD group and the LAEF, LApEF, GLS, GRS, GCS of HD group were lower than those of non-dialysis group (all P<0.05). The LAVImax, LAVImin, LAVIpre of HD group were higher than those of PD group, while the LAEF, LApEF, GLS, GRS and GCS of HD group were lower than those of PD group (all P<0.05). ②The GLS and GCS in PD group were negatively correlated with the dialysis time( r=-0.670, -0.596, all P<0.05), and the GLS, GCS and GRS in HD group were negatively correlated with the dialysis time( r=-0.624, -0.631, -0.551, all P<0.05). Conclusions:RT3D-STI can assess the LA volume and function of ESRD patients with different dialysis methods effectively and can further evaluate the prognosis of patients and guide timely clinical intervention.
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Hippocampal formation is important in spatial learning and memory. Members of the cadherin superfamily are observed in the neural system with diverse spatial and temporal expression patterns and are involved in many biological processes. To date, the avian hippocampal formation is not well understood. In this study, we examined the expression of cadherin mRNA in chicken and mouse brains to investigate the morphological and cytoarchitectural bases of hippocampal formation. Profiles of the spatiotemporal expression of cadherin mRNAs in the developing chicken embryonic parahippocampal area (APH) are provided, and layer-specific expression and spatiotemporal expression were observed in different subdivisions of the APH. That fact that some cadherins (Cdh2, Cdh8, Pcdh8 and Pcdh10) showed conserved regional expression both in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of mice and the hippocampal formation of chickens partially confirmed the structural homology proposed by previous scientists. This study indicates that some cadherins can be used as special markers of the avian hippocampal formation.
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Objective@#To assess left atrial(LA)function by evaluating changes of LA wall movement and volume detected by real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(RT3D-STI)in elderly patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR).@*Methods@#Eighty-six elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)were enrolled in this study.According to whether or not to have IMR, the patients were divided into the pure CHD group(n=32)and the CHD-induced ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR)group(n=54, including 20 cases of mild IMR, 18 cases of moderate IMR and 16 cases of severe IMR). Thirty-two healthy elderly volunteers were considered as control group.RT3D-STI was used to evaluate the global atrial longitudinal strain(GLS), global circumferential strain(GCS), global radial strain(GRS)and LA maximal, minimal and pre-systolic volumes(LAVmax, LAVmin, and LAVp). LA ejection fraction(LAEF), LA passive ejection fraction(LApEF)and LA active ejection fraction(LAaEF)were calculated.The relationship of LA volume changes and myocardial strain with LA function was analyzed.@*Results@#The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and LAEF were reduced in CHD group and IMR group as compared with the control group, and were lower in IMR group than in CHD group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the LAVmin was increased, and the LAaEF was decreased in the IMR group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the GLS, GCS, GRS were declined in the CHD and IMR groups, and were lower in IMR group than in control group(P<0.05). Along with the increased severity of regurgitation, GLS, GCS, and GRS were decreased in varying degrees.The standard deviations of time to peak longitudinal strains(TLS-SD), of time to peak circumferential strains(TCS-SD), and of time to peak radial strain(TRS-SD)rose in the IMR group as compared with the control group(P<0.05). The myocardial motion indicators(GLS, GCS, GRS)had a quite strong correlation with LAEF in the CHD and IMR groups(CHD group: r=-0.745, -0.718 and 0.627, P=0.006, 0.007 and 0.009; IMR group: r=-0.785, -0.781, 0.643, P=0.006, 0.007 and 0.008). The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of TLS-SD, TCS-SD and TRS-SD were 89.7% and 81.8%, 78.6% and 84.8%, 85.7% and 72.1%, respectively in the evaluation of LA function changes.@*Conclusions@#RT3D-STI can precisely and objectively assess the LA function changes by measuring the volume changes and tracing the myocardial motion in elderly IMR patients.
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The frozen section (FS) technology has been widely used in the process of surgical pathology since its time-saving nature exhibited superiority over traditional paraffin method. Therefore FS, of great value in providing preliminary pathological diagnosis, offers guidance in the extension of surgical resection. However, it remains controversial whether the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma could be accurately identified in FS. This review aims to generalize the studies concerning the accuracy of FS in identifying early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, analyzing the interference factors, comparing the similarities and differences between frozen sections and traditional paraffin sections. It also gives insight into whether FS can provide significant guidance for surgeons to perform resection on early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
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Objective To assess left atrial(LA)function by evaluating changes of LA wall movement and volume detected by real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(RT3D-STI)in elderly patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR).Methods Eighty-six elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)were enrolled in this study.According to whether or not to have IMR,the patients were divided into the pure CHD group (n =32)and the CHD-induced ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR)group(n=54,including 20 cases of mild IMR,18 cases of moderate IMR and 16 cases of severe IMR).Thirty-two healthy elderly volunteers were considered as control group.RT3D-STI was used to evaluate the global atrial longitudinal strain (GLS),global circumferential strain (GCS),global radial strain(GRS)and LA maximal,minimal and pre-systolic volumes (LAVmax,LAVmin,and LAVp).LA ejection fraction (LAEF),LA passive ejection fraction (LApEF) and LA active ejection fraction (LAaEF)were calculated.The relationship of LA volume changes and myocardial strain with LA function was analyzed.Results The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)and LAEF were reduced in CHD group and IMR group as compared with the control group,and were lower in IMR group than in CHD group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the LAVmin was increased,and the LAaEF was decreased in the IMR group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the GLS,GCS,GRS were declined in the C HD and IMR groups,and were lower in IMR group than in control group(P＜0.05).Along with the increased severity of regurgitation,GLS,GCS,and GRS were decreased in varying degrees.The standard deviations of time to peak longitudinal strains(TLS-SD),of time to peak circumferential strains(TCS-SD),and of time to peak radial strain (TRS-SD)rose in the IMR group as compared with the control group(P ＜0.05).The myocardial motion indicators(GLS,GCS,GRS)had a quite strong correlation with LAEF in the CHD and IMR groups(CHD group:r=-0.745,-0.718 and 0.627,P=0.006,0.007 and 0.009;IMR group:r=-0.785,-0.781,0.643,P =0.006,0.007 and 0.008).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of TLS-SD,TCS-SD and TRS-SD were 89.7％ and 81.8％,78.6％ and 84.8％％,85.7％ and 72.1％,respectively in the evaluation of LA function changes.Conclusions RT3D-STI can precisely and objectively assess the LA function changes by measuring the volume changes and tracing the myocardial motion in elderly IMR patients.
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Purpose Recently the incidence of bone and joint degeneration is increased,with the increasing of cardiovascular disease complication.This study aims to utilize realtime three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in evaluating left ventricular remodeling index (LVRI),to guide treatment and improve the survival rate.Materials and Methods Fifty-seven cases of healthy volunteers (normal control group) and sixty-seven patients with bone and joint degeneration (research group) were respectively divided into two subgroups according to the age.Both groups underwent conventional echocardiography and RT-3DE.The LVRI,left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by different methods were analyzed,and the differences and correlations between groups and within each group were compared.Results The age of normal control group and research group was not significantly different (P＞0.05).The LVMI and LVRI in research group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group with same age (P＜0.05).The LVEDVI,LVMI and LVRI measured by two-dimensional echocardiography and M-mode echocardiography were higher than those measured by RT-3DE,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Bland-Altman agreement analysis showed good agreement of measured LVRI using 2D echocardiography and RT-3DE.Conclusion Patients with bone and joint degeneration have left ventricular remodeling.RT-3DE can accurately assess LVRI with the advantages of convenience and lack of radiation,which can be widely used in clinic.
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Purpose To detect left atrial volume change and myocardial strain,and to evaluate left atrial (LA) function in coronary heart disease patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) by real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (RT3D-STI).Materials and Methods Eighty-eight patients with coronary disease were divided into non mitral regurgitation group (NMR group,n=30) and mitral regurgitation group (MR group,n=58),including mild MR (n=20),moderate MR (n=20) and severe MR (n=18).Thirty healthy participants were also included as control group.Using RT3D-STI,the global atrial longitudinal strain (GLS),global radial strain (GRS),global circumferential strain (GCS),LA maximal,minimal and pre-systolic volume (LAVmax,LAVmin and LAVp),LA passive ejection fraction (LApEF) and LA active ejection fraction (LAaEF) were measured,and the relationship between LA myocardial strain and left ventricular function was analyzed.Results ① The LAEF,LVEF,LApEF in NMR group and MR group decreased compared those with the control group (P＜0.05),and the LApEF in MR group were lower than those in NMR group (P＜0.05);② compared with the control group,the GLS and GCS in NMR group and MR group decreased observably (P＜0.05),and the parameters in MR group was lower than those in NMR group (P＜0.05);along with the severity of mitral regurgitation,GLS,GCS and GRS declined in varying degrees.③ The overall strain ability of left atrial myocardium (GLS,GCS,GRS) had a positive correlation with LAEF (NMR group:r=-0.810,-0.760 and 0.851;MR group:r=-0.680,-0.745 and 0.583;P＜0.05).Conclusion RT3D-STI plays an important role in assessing LA myocardial movement change and evaluating left atrial function of mitral regurgitation patients by nvestigating left atrial volume change,calculating LAEF and tracing myocardial motion,which provides valuable references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for exploring the strategy of promoting TCM formula granules.METHODS:The questionnaire was designed to investigate the cognition and attitude of TCM practitioners from different grades to TCM formula granules in our university,and the investigation data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 312 questionnaires were collected and 306 questionnaires were collected with recovery rate of 98.08％.Among them,305 questionnaires were effective with effective rate of 99.67％.46.89％ of interviewed practitioners were found to know and understand about TCM formula granule,52.46％ knew but did not understand;the higher the grade,the higher the proportion of the known and the better understanding (P＜0.05);the cognitive channels included diagnosis and treatment course (69.64％),took by others (65.02％),took by oneself (51.49％).TCM formula granules were easy to take without decoction (95.71％) and easy to carry (87.13％),the advantage of which had high popularity,but there was not much knowledge about other advantages.7.54％ of interviewed practitioners fully appreciated TCM formula granules and 69.18％ recognized them;the higher the grade,the higher the degree of recognition (P＜ 0.05).89.51％ were willing to learn more about TCM formula granules.60.98％ said they would prescribed TCM formula granules in the furure.Among the influential factors for the attitude of the practitioners to TCM formula granules,the three factors with the highest influence were the influence of the teachers,the influence of the patients and their own practice.CONCLUSIONS:The practice of TCM practitioners in our university in Beijing is not ideal for the cognition of TCM formula granules.There is still a great room for improvement in the attitude to TCM formula granules.The teachers and patients are key influential factors for the attitude to TCM formula granules.
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Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)is routinely performed before endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)for treatment of upper gastrointestinal stromal tumors.However,when a miniprobe sonography (12,15 and 20 MHz)was used,the size of tumor revealed by EUS was often inconsistent with what it actually was,which might increase the difficulty of ESD and the risk of perforation and massive bleeding.Aims:To investigate the value of standard probe (5 and 7.5 MHz)EUS in detecting the size of upper gastrointestinal stromal tumors before ESD.Methods:Clinical data of patients who were suspicious of esophageal and gastric stromal tumors by gastroscopy and EUS from Jan.2012 to Oct.2014 at the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected.Of them,195 cases treated by ESD were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of 195 cases treated by ESD,37 cases diagnosed by standard probe EUS and 108 cases diagnosed by miniprobe EUS were confirmed as stromal tumors by pathology.Fourteen cases were failure for ESD and then transferred to surgical treatment,one was due to misjudgement of the origin of tumor by standard probe EUS and 9 were due to misjudgement of the size of tumor by miniprobe EUS.The misjudgement rate of standard probe EUS was lower than that of miniprobe EUS with an insignificant difference (2.7%vs.8.3%,P>0.05).In 9 cases misjudged by miniprobe EUS, the size of tumor presented by miniprobe EUS was significantly smaller than its real size [(1.22 ±0.51)cm vs.(3.97 ±1.06)cm,P<0.01].ESD was avoided or terminated in 3 cases because of the accurate estimation of tumor origin, structure and blood flow by standard probe EUS.Conclusions:For patients who are going to receive ESD for suspected upper gastrointestinal stromal tumors,it would be best to select standard probe EUS to detect the size,origin and blood flow of the tumor before ESD.It will decrease the risk and improve the success rate of ESD.
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Circulation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, as the vital part of the TCM industrial chain, plays an important role in the connection of agriculture link and industry link of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which has influence on the healthy development of the whole TCM industrial chain. Because circulation activities mainly include exchange and storage activities instead of manufacturing real products, they are much more difficult to be managed compared with producing activity. This would lead to problems in circulation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and impose negative effects on TCM industry. Based on scale economy theory, information asymmetry theory and cobweb model theory, this article analyzed the problems in circulation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, discussed the deep reasons behind these problems, and proposed relevant suggestions for optimization.
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An empirical study on the analysis of the social responsibility information which includes corporate social responsibility reports, annual reports and official website social responsibility part, of 62 selected Chinese listed corporate is performed using co-word analysis. We have clustered 39 key words which refined from the social responsibility management information into five index, which are characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine industry, cultural, quality, operation and sustainable development. The quality of construction, cultural products and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine industry itself are the hot social responsibility information, and also can be used as key factors in the enterprise brand evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
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This study was aimed to investigate the estrogenic effects ofCoicis Semen in order to preliminarily discuss the mechanism. Mouse uterine weight test and MCF-7 cell proliferation assay were used to evaluate the estrogenic effects ofC. Semen. Reporter gene assays were adopted to explore the action mechanism ofC. Semen. In reporter gene assay, HEK293 cells were co-transfected with pERE-TAL-luc, pβgal-Control, pCXN2-hERα, or pCXN2-hERβ. And the expression of reporter gene luc was controlled by ERE. Mouse uterine weight test showed that compared with the control group, the aqueous extracts ofC. Semen can increase the uterus index of premature female mice (P<0.01). It can significantly promote the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the medium without estrogen (P<0.01). The reporter gene controlled by ERE technology showed thatwhen mediated by ERα or ERβ respectively, the normalized luciferase activity of aqueous extracts ofC. Semen was significantly higher than activity of the control group (P< 0.05 orP< 0.01). It was concluded that the aqueous extracts ofC.Semen can increase the uterus index of premature female mice and promote the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the medium without estrogen. We found the estrogenic effects ofC. Semen for the first time. And the estrogenic effects ofC. Semen were mainly mediated by ERβ.
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Objectives To evaluate the application of preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS) in assessment of invasive risk and selection of therapeutic modalities for gastric stromal tumors ( GST).Methods The clinical data of 135 patients with GST admitted in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The invasion extent of GST was assessed by image of EUS before surgery, and compared with pathological results after surgery; the Fletcher 4-tier system was used for predicting the aggressiveness of GST.The selection of therapeutic modalities in 38 patients, who underwent surgical treatment was analyzed.Results No specific clinical manifestations were noticed , but some patients with enormous GST had symptoms of ulcer , hematemesis , and melena.Among 135 patients 97 cases received conservative treatment and followed up;in remaining 38 cases, according to invasion risk assessed by EUS, there were 9 cases in low risk, 18 in intermediate risk and 11 in high risk.The surgical modalities were selected based on the risk assessment:endoscopic therapy was performed in 15 cases, laparoscopic with gastroscopic surgery in 17 cases and laparotomy in 6 cases.The coincidence rate of diagnosis between preoperative EUS and postoperative pathological examination was 79.0%.Conclusions Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography is of value in assessment of invasion risk and selection of appropriate therapeutic modalities for gastric stromal tumors.